In the Middle Ages, the C word was used in place of names and even in medical writing without the strong negative connotations it carries today. It was sometimes used as a term for a clever or pleasing device, or even with meanings similar to "quaint.”

The word underwent "pejoration," a linguistic process where words develop negative meanings over time. This is common with feminine nouns, while masculine nouns often undergo the opposite process (amelioration). 

By the late 19th century, its use as a term of abuse became established. It is now considered one of the most offensive words in English, particularly when directed at women. However, in some contexts, particularly within certain communities, it has been reclaimed and used in a more empowering or neutral way.